Abstract: Plant phylogeny is the evolutionary chronicle of plant life on Earth. It depicts a sequence of branching events and may also identify the characteristic features that mark various lineages.Under one possible definition, all eukaryotic organisms that have a particular type of organelle, the plastid, in their cells are recognized as plants. However, plastids have been transferred from existing plant groups into other kinds of organisms. Thus, there is a need for another conventional definition of plants, specifically one in which plants comprise only the lineages that diverged directly from the original plastid-bearing line.The earliest known fossil plants are approximately two billion years old.After plants originated as unicellular organisms with plastids (as well as with mitochondria and other organelles), many lineages diverged and differentiated from the common ancestor.Many distinct plant lineages are included in the informal grouping known as the algae. Most algae are aquatic.The embryophytes, or land plants, constitute a lineage that made a transition to land and that now dominates most terrestrial habitats. The embryophytes include the bryophytes and tracheophytes