• Ebog

Climate modeling

(2020)
Abstract: Climate models are mathematical simulations, derived from known physical processes, that scientists use to reconstruct past environments, understand current conditions, and predict potential future climate scenarios.A worldwide weather-observing system, together with digital computing, has made climate modeling possible.The simplest climate models are intended for describing only the surface thermal field at a fairly coarse resolution. More complex models are used in weather forecasts.Because the main interest of climate modelers is in computing the thermal field over the Earth, a primary objective is to represent the conservation of energy at each location in the system.A number of natural feedback mechanisms, such as that due to water vapor or snow cover, add complexity and uncertainty to climate models.Coupled atmosphere-ocean-land models are required for simulating the naturally varying present-day climate and its future evolution